linux
a collection of notes for sysadmin and general linux tasks that i find myself having to look up over and over again.
ubuntu
dist upgrade
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt dist-upgrade
sudo apt autoremove
sudo do-release-upgrade
sudo reboot now
sometimes after that there are some random dpkg / apt errors:
sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt --fix-broken install
add desktop launcher
- example file in
/usr/share/applications/wally.desktop
[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Wally
Comment=USB Flasher for Ergodox EZ
Version=3.0.23
Exec=/usr/local/bin/wally
Icon=/opt/wally/appicon.png
Terminal=False
Categories=Firmware
clean up
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoremove --purge
arch linux
These are some notes for myself when setting up arch.
pacman
setup
before you can use the package manager pacman
you need to run:
pacman-key --init
This sets up your ability to set some keys and then use them to check the fingerprints on packages you’re going to install.
If you’re on a raspberry pi, you’ll need to add the keys for archlinuxarm
in particular:
pacman-key --populate archlinuxarm
Thereafter you can go about installing whatever you need.
If you need to remove all the keys you have added to start over, you can:
rm -rf /etc/pacman.d/gnupg
before running the init again.
base packages
In order to get make, and a bunch of basic tooling:
pacman -S base-devel
AUR client
I always need to download some AUR packages. Usually we still need to download a client:
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/yay.git
cd yay
makepkg -si
PopOS
Sometimes my system76 laptop’s audio just stops working. This seems to fix it:
systemctl --user restart pulseaudio
rm -r ~/.config/pulse
pulseaudio -k
inserting emojis
I can never remember this:
Ctrl + Shift + E + Space
: then search via word tags
disk space
df -h
du -h -d 1 . --exclude proc
journal logs
journalctl --rotate
journalctl --vacuum-size=100M
journalctl --vacuum-time=10d
docker
docker system prune -a
docker volume prune -a
snap
snap set system refresh.retain=2
memory
sometimes you run out of memory on tiny machines. don’t forget to use swap!
sudo fallocate -l 1G /swapfile
sudo chmod 600 /swapfile
sudo mkswap /swapfile
sudo swapon /swapfile
sudo swapon --show
sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak
echo '/swapfile none swap sw 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness
sudo sysctl vm.swappiness=10